Can radiation exposure be assessed more quickly?
After a radiation emergency, who needs treatment first? In a Canadian Nuclear Laboratories-sponsored project, our team developed a blood-sample workflow aimed at making radiation triage portable: magnetic cell capture, fluorescent staining, and optical measurement, without relying on a centrifuge.
I continued working on it after graduating in June 2026, carrying the project through the summer. It became a personal engineering project as much as a university one.
Our team received a Global Futures i-Capstone Award.
Explore the engineering
The problem: bring triage closer to the incident
Laboratory-based radiation biodosimetry can depend on specialist equipment and time-consuming sample preparation. Our goal was a transportable, field-capable method to help prioritise treatment after a radiation incident and reduce avoidable pressure on hospitals.
The biology: a measurable DNA-damage signal
Ionising radiation can cause DNA double-strand breaks. In response, the histone protein H2AX becomes phosphorylated, forming γ-H2AX. Measuring this biomarker against a calibrated response can help estimate radiation dose.
The workflow: blood sample to fluorescence
- Start with a blood sample.
- Isolate lymphocytes using magnetic capture.
- Fluorescently label γ-H2AX through a chemical staining process.
- Wash the sample to remove excess reagent.
- Measure the fluorescence as the signal for dose estimation.
Testing around a time-sensitive signal
Working with human blood samples supplied by our CNL partner required access to a Biosafety Level 2 (BSL-2) laboratory. Shipping pre-irradiated samples was impractical: the γ-H2AX signal could change during transit, compromising measurements taken too long after exposure.
We therefore worked with an on-campus laboratory with X-ray facilities to induce DNA double-strand damage locally, allowing us to test samples soon after irradiation. The timing of the biological response shaped how we organised the experiment, not just how we measured the result.
The engineering: design around field constraints
We brought sample handling, reagent processing, and fluorescence detection into one workflow, focusing on a method that would not require centrifugation or a fully equipped medical laboratory.
Why it matters
The immediate aim was emergency triage. Potential applications extend to nuclear-industry incidents, defence, and the assessment of astronauts' exposure to space radiation.
